六节诗.docVIP

Poetic Form: Sestina英语诗歌之六节诗 六节诗（sestina）是一种通过将首节诗句尾词在其余诗节中进行错综重复以营造美妙效果的诗体。这种39行的写作形式要追溯到十二世纪普罗旺斯的一位行吟诗人阿诺特·丹尼尔（Arnaut Daniel）。“troubadour”（行吟诗人）一词来自于“trobar”，其意为“创造或谱写诗句”。行吟诗人伴着音乐吟唱着他们的诗句，他们都争强好胜，力争在下次比赛中拔得头筹，并创作出更为复杂和困难的风格。 发乎情而止乎礼的爱情经常是行吟诗人反复吟诵的主题。后来，当六节诗出现在意大利时，这一点得到以继续强调。但丁和彼得拉克非常熟于这种形式以向丹尼尔致敬。正如比彼得拉克所说，它是“众中之首，爱之至主”。 六节诗体式严谨，由六节六句和一节三句组成，其要求在其余五个诗节中重复第一诗节的六个尾词，并以三句诗构成的尾节收束全篇。六节诗的诗句可长可短，但是其第一节决定了其余诸节，因而它有着严格的音节约束。六节诗的形制如下：（用带圈的数字表示需重复的诗句尾词）第一诗节：①②③④⑤⑥第二诗节：⑥①⑤②④③第三诗节：③⑥④①②⑤第四诗节：⑤③②⑥①④第五诗节：④⑤①③⑥②第六诗节：②④⑥⑤③①第七诗节：⑤③①或①③⑤当然，最后一节也可以是②④⑥。 许多二十世纪的诗人都采用过这一诗体，如庞德（Ezra Pound）和约翰·阿什伯利（John Ashbery）。庞德1909年所写的《六节诗：阿尔塔佛特》（Sestina: Altaforte）是其诸多诗作中较为出名的一首。 Sestina: Altaforte???? by Ezra Pound? Loquitur: En Bertrans de Born.? Dante Alighieri put this man in hell for that he was a ? stirrer-up of strife.? Eccovi!? Judge ye!? Have I dug him up again?The scene in at his castle, Altaforte.? Papiols is his jongleur.The Leopard, the device of Richard (Cúur de Lion). I Damn it all!? all this our South stinks peace.You whoreson dog, Papiols, come!? Lets to music!I have no life save when the swords clash.But ah!? when I see the standards gold, vair, purple, opposingAnd the broad fields beneath them turn crimson,Then howl I my heart nigh mad with rejoicing. II In hot summer have I great rejoicingWhen the tempests kill the earths foul peace,And the lightnings from black heavn flash crimson,And the fierce thunders roar me their musicAnd the winds shriek through the clouds mad, opposing,And through all the riven skies Gods swords clash. III Hell grant soon we hear again the swords clash!And the shrill neighs of destriers in battle rejoicing,Spiked breast to spiked breast opposing!Better one hours stour than a years peaceWith fat boards, bawds, wine and frail music!Bah!? theres no wine like the bloods crimson! IV And I love to see the sun rise blood-crimson.And I watch his spears through the dark clashAnd it fills all my heart with rejoicingAnd pries