国概Britis History.docVIP

History Early Britain Early Setters Roman Britain 55 B.C. – 410 A.D. ??Between 55 and 54 B.C., Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice. But it was only nominal conquest for 96 years. The real conquest began in 43 A. D. and lasted for almost 350 years. ??The Romans never did succeed in subduing all of Britain. One of the greatest achievements of the Roman Empire was its system of roads. The influence of Roman thought survived in Britain only through the Church. Romanization was not successful in other areas like language and culture. ??The resulting growth of civilization under the influence of the Romans was more obvious in urban areas and on the aristocracy while the vast majority of the populace remained relatively untouched. Anglo-Saxon Britain Anglo-Saxon Period About the middle of the 5th century, the Germanic tribes “Anglo-Saxons” settled. English people owe much of their tradition, language, and physical heritage to these invaders. Christianity came; the church was a very important force: the only truly national entity tying together the different Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The seven kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex. Medieval Britain William’s Rule 1066-1087 ??A strong Monarchy was established; from all the varying tribes that dwelled in England, with their mutually incomprehensible dialects and varying legal customs and traditions, a new nation was being forged out of the common respect for the King’s writ. ??The French language became the language of the court and upper classes until the 14th century. Henry II’s reform 1154-1189 Henry, the founder of the Plantagenet Dynasty, also a scholar and churchman, one of the most powerful rulers in Europe Civil and legal reform: Henry’s greatest accomplishment was to replace the feudal law by a body of royal or common law. A major innovation was the replacement of the older system of a sworn oath or an ordeal to establish truth by the jury of 12 sworn men. Magna Carta the