【名师指津】2017年高考英语总复习 第一部分 词义推测的六条线索课件 新人教版.pptVIP

在阅读中我们常常会遇到生词或虽是熟词但用原来学过的意思去理解却不通，这时就需要根据上下文，也就是语境，去理解，有的也可以根据构词法去理解。高考阅读理解题中也常常要求考生推测词义。这里着重谈谈根据语境理解时的几条具体线索。 词义推测的六条线索 1. 根据转折对比关系 根据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的连接性词语来推测词义。如表示转折的词有but, however, otherwise, or, though等, 表示对比关系的标志性词语有unlike, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等；另外, 分号也可以表示转折、 对比或不相干的意义。 [例1] Time is something from which we can’t escape. Even if we ignore it, it’s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Who’s in charge?” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally. The underlined word “ally” most likely means somebody or something that is __________. A. your slave and serves you B. your supporter and helps you B. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you 解析：B 本句由or引出，与前句意义相对，要求猜的ally显然与前句的enemy相对，即为“朋 友”，朋友是支持和帮助我们的，故选B。 2. 根据因果关系 就是根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。可能是由表示原因的句意推出表示结果的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思, 即由因推果法；也可能是由表示结果的句意推出表示原因的句子中的某个词或短语的意思，即由果推因法。表示因果关系的有because, so that, so/such...that...等。 [例2] Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists. What do the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” probably mean? A. Keep everything out of campgrounds. B. Take away everything you bring in. C. Carry all the necessary food. D. Look after your personal belongings. 解析：B 句中so引出结果, 由果推因, “不要留下任何参观的痕迹”, 因此“要把带来的所有东西都带走”, 故选B。 3. 根据解释或修饰语 根据后面的括号中、 破折号后面、 引号中的内容, 或者后面的定语从句，以及namely 和that is等后面的解释性内容推测生词或短语的意思。 [例3] The schools are reluctant to take time off——even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off. The underlined word “reluctant” may probably mean_________. kind B. unwilling C. free D. careless 解析： B 根据破折号后面的解释“即使是有英格兰和阿根廷比赛门票的老师也