广西合浦县第五中学八年级地理上册 第二章 第三节 河流与湖泊（第2课时）导学案（无答案）（新版）商务星球版.docVIP

附件 1. 课文注释与疑难解析 1） Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much. 本句中 “whole herds of antelopes” can’t be substituted for “all herds of antelopes”. all 与whole 在修饰复数时，意思不同。Whole 的意思是“全部”， 而all 的意思近于“每一个”。试比较： All Indian tribes suffered from white settlement in America. 所有印第安人部落都因白人移居美洲而遭殃。 Whole Indian tribes were killed off. 有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了。 此外，whole 一般不与不可数名词连用，可以说all the money, 或 all the wine 但不能说 the whole money或 the whole wine。 the whole of 可以代替whole 与单数名词连用，如： all the time the whole of the time all my life the whole of my life all this confusion the whole of the confusion 如没有限定词，whole 不能与单数名词连用。 可以说 The whole city was burning. 不能说 Whole London was burning 2） Meanwhile, in those countries where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers. 本句中 “get tough with” 意思为“对……采取强硬手段” eg: We should get tough with those who break the law. The local government is getting tough with those who don’t want to move out of the developing area. 2. 文化背景知识 Animals in Danger Three billion years after life began, the earth is now the home to many different kinds of living things ― perhaps five to ten million kinds. However, many of these are dying out. It is thought that between the years 1550 and 1950 an average of one kind of living thing died out each year. By 1985 this had risen to one per day. Between 1980 and 2000 we may lose another half a million different kinds of living things. There are many reasons for animals dying out, but the most important one is the part that humans have played. First, many animals have been killed for food. Second, many of the places where these animals used to live have been destroyed. Dry lands have been watered. Wet lands have been turned into fields. Forests have been cleared. Much land has either been changed to farmland or used for building. Polluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of death. One example of an animal in