Chapter 7 Livestock Nutrition.ppt

Chapter 7 Livestock Nutrition Classification and use of Feeds Classifications of Feeds Air dry roughages contain more than 18% crude fiber and less than 60% total digestible nutrients (TDN) Air dry concentrates generally contain less than 18% crude fiber and more than 60% TDN. Feeds that have more than 80% dry matter (DM) are air-dry, while higher than 80% they are called high moisture feeds. International Feed Nomenclature Feed names follow the International Feed Vocabulary , the AAFCO have designated official names and definitions for many of the feeds used in the USA. Feed names are determined by using the following descriptors. Origin of feed both scientific and common. Part eaten by animal. International Feed Nomenclature Process(es) and treatments(s) applied to the feed before eaten by animal. Stage of maturity when harvested. Cutting or crop. Grade or quality designations. Nutritive value of feed is dependent upon time harvested, table 7-2 illustrates this change. International Feed Classes There are eight classes of feeds, based on composition and use. In borderline cases, feed is placed in a class according to its most common use in feeding practices. International Feed Number Feeds are identified by a six digit number. The first number is the feed class number and the remaining five are the IFN. The IFN links the name with the chemical and biological data. The IFN is useful for computer formulation and diet formulation in this text. Forms of Feed The three types of feed are dry, green and high moisture. Dry feeds are hay, grains oilseed, straw, stover, corn cobs, corn husks, soybean, hulls. Green feeds include pasture and green chop. High moisture feeds are high moisture grains, haylage, wet byproduct feeds, roots, tubers and silages. Table 7-2 Know preferred term, definition and comparable terms. These are all for plants that bloom. Roughages The two types of roughages are grass and legume. Legumes have nodules on their roots that have bacteria whom f