Introduction to AI.ppt

Introduction to AI Russell and Norvig: Chapter 1 CMSC421 – Fall 2005 What is AI? Found on the Web … AI is the simulation of intelligent human processes AI is the reproduction of the methods or results of human reasoning or intuition AI is the study of mental faculties through the use computational methods Using computational models to simulate intelligent behavior Machines to emulate humans Why AI? Cognitive Science: As a way to understand how natural minds and mental phenomena work e.g., visual perception, memory, learning, language, etc. Philosophy: As a way to explore some basic and interesting and important philosophical questions e.g., the mind body problem, what is consciousness, etc. Engineering: To get machines to do a wider variety of useful things e.g., understand spoken natural language, recognize individual people in visual scenes, find the best travel plan for your vacation, etc. Weak vs. Strong AI Weak AI: Machines can be made to behave as if they were intelligent Strong AI: Machines can have consciousness subject of fierce debate, usually among philosophers and nay-sayers, not so much among AI researchers! E.g. recent Red Herring article and responses /group/webir/message/1002 AI Characterizations Discipline that systematizes and automates intellectual tasks to create machines that: Act Like Humans AI is the art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by humans Methodology: Take an intellectual task at which people are better and make a computer do it Turing test Turing Test Interrogator interacts with a computer and a person via a teletype. Computer passes the Turing test if interrogator cannot determine which is which. Loebner contest: Modern version of Turing Test, held annually, with a $100,000 prize. /Prizef/loebner-prize.html Participants include a set of humans and a set of computers and a set of judges. Scoring: Rank from least human to most human. Highest median rank wins $2000. If