数字硬件习题word版.docVIP

Tut07 Q1- C Development Environment State the steps and the tools to develop a C program forthe Atmel AVR microcontroller. Step 1: Create AVR Studio project： project name;project type C; select simulator and device Step 2: Enter a C program. Step 3: Compile the C program to produce a HEX file. Step 4: Download and test HEX file on Atmel AVR microcontroller. Tools: Atmel AVR Studio and WinAVR Q2- Atmel AVR - Specifics (a)What is the role of the header file avr/io.h in a C program for theAtmel AVR? (1)Depending on what device selected for the project, avr/io.h will redirect to a specific header file. (2)The specific header file contains the C definitions for all registers of the AVR microcontroller. (3)For ATmega16, the specific header file is iom16.h (see Lab Notes Appendix A). b) Write a C code example that uses inline assembly coding. (1)We can use__asm__directive. (2)For example, to create a delay using assembly instruction nop: __asm__ __volatile__(nop) ; (3)The __volatile__ directive forces the C compiler to keep the order of C instructions. That is, no code optimization is performed. Q3- C Language Elements a) Name the C keyword that can be used to quit a function immediately. return; b) Name the C keyword that can be used to terminate a loop immediately. break; c) Name the C keyword that can be used to force the next iteration of a loop to start immediately. continue; d) State the roles of the keywords break and default in the C switch-case construct. (1)Keyword break is used to terminate the C switch-case construct after a case has been handled. (2)Keyword default is used to specify the instructions to run when no case is matched. switch (a) case 0 : PORTB = 0 break; … case 9: PORTB = 0 break; default: PORTB = 0 e) Differentiate between the two C operators and . (1) is bit-wise operator for AND, used on any integer data type. (2) is logical operator for AND, used with logical data types and conditional statements. f) Dif