2014年美国大生数学建模竞赛题目思路[仅供参考].docVIP

MCM原题PDF：/detail/zhangty0223/6901271 PROBLEM A:?The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule In countries where driving automobiles on the right is the rule (that is, USA, China and most other countries except for Great Britain, Australia, and some former British colonies), multi-lane freeways often employa rule that requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle, in which case they move one lane to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane.Build and analyze a mathematical model to analyze the performance of this rule in light and heavy traffic. You may wish to examine tradeoffs between traffic flow and safety, the role of under- or over-posted speed limits (that is, speed limits that are too low or too high), and/or other factors that may not be explicitly called out in this problem statement. Is this rule effective in promoting better traffic flow? If not, suggest and analyze alternatives (to include possibly no rule of this kind at all) that might promote greater traffic flow, safety, and/or other factors that you deem important. In countries where driving automobiles on the left is the norm, argue whether or not your solution can be carried over with a simple change of orientation, or would additional requirements be needed. Lastly, the rule as stated above relies upon human judgment for compliance. If vehicle transportation on the same roadway was fully under the control of an intelligent system – either part of the road network or imbedded in the design of all vehicles using the roadway – to what extent would this change the results of your earlier analysis? 问题A：车辆右行 在一些规定汽车靠右行驶的国家（即美国，中国和其他大多数国家，除了英国，澳大利亚和一些前英国殖民地） ，多车道的高速公路经常使用这样一条规则：要求司机开车时在最右侧车道行驶，除了在超车的情况下，他们应移动到左侧相邻的车道，超车，然后恢复到原来的行驶车道（即最右车道）。建立和分析一个数学模型，来分析这一规则在轻型和重型交通中的性能（即车辆较少和交通较拥堵时）。你可以研究交通流量和安全二者间的平衡，最高或最低车速限制的作用（即，过低或过高的车速限制） ，和/或其它在这个问题陈述中没有明确说明的影响因素。这条规则能否有效地提升交通流量？如果不能，请分析并建议一个替代方案（可能和上述规则的类型完全不同），这个方案可以提升交通流量，安全性，和/或您认为重要的其他因素。在规定汽车靠左行驶的