GENERALCHARACTERISTICSOFTHETHERMAL.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * General Clothing Recommendations Use multiple layers. Outer layer should be wind and water resistant. Middle layer should trap air. Goose down Wool Polyester Polyolefrin General Clothing Recommendations Inner layer should also wick away moisture from the skin to prevent evaporative heat loss. Polypropylene Cotton Fishnet Most important to cover trunk and head during prolonged exposure to cold. Efficiency Factor of Clothing ? Ratio of: Thermal resistance between clothing surface and air Resistance between skin surface and air ? Higher the ratio the greater the efficiency factor of clothing or insulation and vice-versa. Insulation of Ambient Air A function of temperature, air velocity, altitude, relative humidity, and precipitation. FACTORS THAT DECREASE THE INSULATORY VALUE OF AIR Decrease in air temperature below skin temperature (Ta- Tsk). Increase in air velocity (exercise will increase air velocity). Decrease in relative humidity and/or precipitation. Decrease in elevation (i.e., low elevation). Air at high altitude provides better insulation. Altitude and Insulation of Ambient Air Since altitude decreases convective heat loss and increases radiant heat gain and evaporative heat loss, the increase in the insulatory value of air at high altitudes suggests that the decrease in convective heat loss and increase in radiant heat gain is greater than the increase in evaporative heat loss at high altitude. QUESTIONS? THANK YOU! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Understanding Radiation In understanding radiation, heat can be considered as photons or light particles emitted or absorbed by the body. An atom is like a miniature solar system. At the heart of the solar system is the nucleus of the atom with one or more electrons orbiting around the nucleus. The orbital path of the electrons can change as absorption of photons or