LED是如何工作的？.docVIP

ＬＥＤ是如何工作的？（英文） How Light Emitting Diodes Workby Tom Harris Light emitting diodes, commonly called LEDs, are real unsung heroes in the electronics world. They do dozens of different jobs and are found in all kinds of devices. Among other things, they form the numbers on digital clocks, transmit information from remote controls, light up watches and tell you when your appliances are turned on. Collected together, they can form images on a jumbo television screen or illuminate a traffic light. 发光二极管通用的称呼是LED，在电子领域是个无名的英雄。在许多领域和各类设备上都可以看到它的身影。在其它方面，它可以组成数字钟，在远程控制中传送信息，点亮仪表，在设备开启的时候给以提示。组合起来，它可以组成巨型的电视屏幕显示一定格式的图像或者是点亮交通信号灯。 Basically, LEDs are just tiny light bulbs that fit easily into an electrical circuit. But unlike ordinary incandescent bulbs, they don’t have a filament that will burn out, and they don’t get especially hot. They are illuminated solely by the movement of electrons in a semiconductor material, and they last just as long as a standard transistor. 从基本组成上来说，LEDs只是很容易应用到电路中的微型发光球体，但它同于我们常见的白炽灯泡，它用于燃烧的灯丝，因而它也不会很热，它之所以发光是因为半导体内的电子运动，在某个时候像一个标准的半导体晶体管。 In this article, we’ll examine the simple principles behind these ubiquitous blinkers, illuminating some cool principles of electricity and light in the process. 在这篇文章里，我们将避免原理简单这样的偏见，来解释一些电和光在应用中的理论原则。 What is a Diode? 什么是二极管？ A diode is the simplest sort of semiconductor device. Broadly speaking, a semiconductor is a material with a varying ability to conduct electrical current. Most semiconductors are made of a poor conductor that has had impurities (atoms of another material) added to it. The process of adding impurities is called doping. 二极管是最简单的一种半导体设备，一般来说，它是一种具备改变传输电子流能力的的半导体，大多数的半导体是由掺过杂质的不良导体构成，这个添加杂质的过程叫做掺杂。 In the case of LEDs, the conductor material is typically aluminum-gallium-arsenide (AlGaAs). In pure aluminum-gallium-arsenide, all of the atoms bond perfectly to their neighbors, leaving no free electrons (negatively-charged particles) to conduct electric current. In doped material, additiona