控烟知识培训剖析.ppt

* * Key Point Pharmacotherapies for quitting smoking include NRT and the antidepressants bupropion SR and nortriptyline. Background NRTs assist smokers in quitting by replacing nicotine that would otherwise be smoked, thereby reducing the need to smoke to obtain nicotine.1 Nicotine replacement therapy is available in many forms. Nicotine replacement gum, lozenges, sublingual tablets, inhalers and nasal spray deliver nicotine through the oral or nasal mucosa. Nicotine replacement patches, which deliver nicotine through the skin, provide a passive, longer acting system of delivery.2,3 A Cochrane systematic review of the NRT literature found that all types of NRT significantly increase the odds of quitting with little difference between methods.1 Antidepressant therapies, specifically bupropion SR and nortriptyline, are also used to help smokers quit. The antidepressant bupropion SR is the more widely used and studied agent.2,4 Nortriptyline has not been as widely studied and has not been approved for smoking cessation.4 References 1. Silagy C, Lancaster T, Stead L, Mant D, Fowler G. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD000146. 2. Stead L, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: Cochrane systematic review. Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34:1001-1003. 3. Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Buchhalter AR, Stitzer ML. Pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55:281-299. 4. Hughes JR, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(4):CD000031. * * * * * * ２００３年１１月，中国正式签署成为该公约的第77个签约国。２００５年８月，全国人大常委会表决批准了该公约，并于２００６年１月生效，中国承诺将在2011年1月9日起在公共场所全面禁烟。现在已经是2012年了------- 公约生效后，各缔约国须严格遵守公约的各项条款：提高烟草的价格和税收，禁止烟草广告，禁止或限制烟草商进行赞助活动，打击烟草走私，禁止向未成年人出售香烟，在香烟盒上标明“吸烟危害健康”的警示，并采取措施减少公共场所被动吸烟等。 公约第七条第二款规定： 每一缔约方应在国家法律规定的现有国家管辖范围内采取和实行，并在其他司法管辖权限内积极促进采取和实行有效的立法、实施、行政和/或其他措施，以防止在室内工作场所、公共交通工具、室内公共场所，适当时，包括其他公共场所接触烟草烟雾。 《公约》还要求各国的烟草税收和价格政策应该以减少烟草消