timefrequencyanalysisandwavelettransforms.ppt

* ? Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) The discrete wavelet transform is very different from the continuous wavelet transform. It is simpler and more useful than the continuous one. x1,L[n] x1,H[n] g[n] x[n] h[n] ? 2 ? 2 x[n] 的低頻成份 x[n] 的高頻成份 lowpass filter highpass filter down sampling xL[n] xH[n] down sampling N-points L-points L-points * 例子：2-point Haar wavelet g[n] = 1/2 for n = ?1, 0 g[n] = 0 otherwise h[0] = 1/2, h[?1] = ?1/2, h[n] = 0 otherwise n g[n] -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 ? ? n h[n] -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 ? -? then (兩點平均) (兩點之差) * 一般的 wavelet, g[n] 和 h[n] 點數會多於 2 點 但是 g[n] 通常都是 lowpass filter 的型態 h[n] 通常都是 highpass filter 的型態 Discrete wavelet transform 有很多種 (discrete Haar wavelet, discrete Daubechies wavelet, B-spline DWT, symlet, coilet, ……..) * x[m, n] g[n] h[n] ? 2 ? 2 along n along n v1,L[m, n] v1,H[m, n] g[m] h[m] along m ? 2 x1,L[m, n] ? 2 along m x1,H1[m, n] g[m] h[m] along m along m ? 2 ? 2 x1,H2[m, n] x1,H3[m, n] 2-D 的情形 m 低頻, n 低頻 m 高頻, n 低頻 m 低頻, n 高頻 m 高頻, n 高頻 L-points L-points M ×N n m x[m, n] * 原影像 Pepper.bmp 2-D DWT 的結果 x1,L[m, n] x1,H1[m, n] x1,H2[m, n] x1,H3[m, n] * 3次2-D DWT的結果 * 應用： 影像壓縮 (JPEG 2000) 其他應用：edge detection corner detection filter design pattern recognition music signal processing economical data temperature analysis feature extraction biomedical signal processing * 附錄一：聲音檔的處理 (by Matlab) 電腦中，沒有經過壓縮的聲音檔都是 *.wav 的型態 讀取： wavread (2015以後的版本改成 audioread) 例： [x, fs] = wavread(C:\WINDOWS\Media\ringin.wav); 可以將 ringin.wav 以數字向量 x 來呈現。 fs: sampling frequency 這個例子當中 size(x) = 9981 1 fs = 11025 思考: 所以，取樣間隔多大? 這個聲音檔有多少秒？ A. 讀取聲音檔 * 畫出聲音的波型 time = [0:length(x)-1]/fs; % x 是前頁用 wavread 所讀出的向量