英语阅读高考备谈.pptVIP

* * * * * * * 高三英语专题复习 英语阅读理解技巧系列 ----- 猜测词义 高考阅读理解题的基本题型 事 实 细 节 题 主 旨 大 意 题 推 理 判 断 题 猜 测 词 义 题 猜 测 词 义 题 常用设问形式 1.The underlined word...refers to means ____. 2.Which of the following words can take the place of the word...? 3.What is the meaning of...as the words are used in the text? 4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to... paragraph... ? 一. 根据上下文解释做出判断 猜测任何词义都离不开上下文的语境, 所以可借助上下文语境 对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 其方法主要是根据文中的定义、解释、事例，重复信息以及我们的经验和常识来猜生词 1. 同义法：通常在词或短语之间有并列连词and 或 or，这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且 and 或 or 连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的, 由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。 The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye．  青光眼 详见hand-out 例① 、例② 2. 反义法：利用反义词说明生词的意义。如反义词 hot and cold, give and receive, perfect and imperfect, 甚至前、后句为肯定与否定、或是与不是等，在句中词与词之间，在段落内句子与句子之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。 详见例③ 3. 释义法：在文中的字里行间，对生词以定语 从句 、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。 Mr. Smith always arrives home punctually, neither early nor late． 按时地 The harbor is protected by a jetty—a wall built out into the water． 防洪堤 详见hand-out 例④ 4. 情景推断法：猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情景，词义可以从上下文的具体语言环境中推断出来。 The old man put on his spectacles and began to read． The door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel． 眼镜 （门窗的）梁 详见hand-out 例⑤、例⑥、例⑦ 二. 根据上下文的指代关系进行选择 文章中的代词 it，that，one, he，him 或 them 可以指上文提到的人或物，其中 it 和 that 还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。 详见hand-out 例⑧、例⑨ In 1901, H.C. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise. “Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?” … … However，the question that moon people asked is still an interesting one．A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it． 57. What does the underlined word “ it ” refer to？ A．Discovering the moons inner space． B