初中英语语法大全删减版).doc

初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 二．主谓一致问题 名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题： 1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention. 计算机是个了不起的发明 The water in the glass is very cold. 玻璃杯里的水很冷 2、集体名词 如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等 做句子主语时 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class. 三班是好班 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China. 三班有张中国地图 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard. 院子里有只绵羊 / There are some sheep in the yard. 院子里有一些绵羊 4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them. 裤子很便宜,我想买 6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now. 现在有许多学生在打垒球 A lot of time was wasted on that work. 大量的时间花在了那个工作上 被动句 7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now. 老师和他的儿子在摘苹果 / Fish and chips is very famous food. 鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品 8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子 9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow. 你和我明天要求都来 10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. 一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子 当时 就站在路边 11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right. 要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的 / Neither you nor I am going there. 你和我都不打算去那里 12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time. 两个月不是个短时间 Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance 距离 . 两千千米是相当长的一段距离 13、主语中含有half of… / three quarters of… / all of the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English. 因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的 / A third of the students were playing near th