06and07standardizationofnaohandacidbase-chemistryii.docVIP

Standardization of a Primary Standard  Determination of Concentration by Acid-Base Titration It is often necessary to test a solution of unknown concentration with a solution of a known, precise concentration. The process of determining the unknown’s concentration is called standardization. Solutions of sodium hydroxide are virtually impossible to prepare to a precise molar concentration because the substance is hygroscopic. In fact, solid NaOH absorbs so much moisture from the air that a measured sample of the compound is never 100% NaOH. On the other hand, the acid salt potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHC8H4O4, can be measured out in precise mass amounts once it has been dried in an oven. It reacts with NaOH in a simple 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, thus making it an ideal substance to use to standardize a solution of NaOH. At the equivalence point, moles acid moles base moles salt formed. Since the ratio of reactants is 1:1, the neutralization equation, MAVA MBVB, also applies since it is just another statement of moles acid moles base moles salt formed at the equivalence point. OBJECTIVES In this experiment, you will Prepare an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to a target molar concentration. Determine the exact concentration of your NaOH solution by titrating it with a solution of potassium hydrogen phthalate, abbreviated KHP, of precise molar concentration. Figure 1 MATERIALS Data Collection Mechanism solid sodium hydroxide, NaOH pH Sensor solid potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHP ring stand distilled water 250 mL beaker plastic weighing dish or weighing paper 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask balance ± 0.01 g 50 mL and 100 mL graduated cylinders utility clamp magnetic stirrer and stirring bar buret and buret clamp 100 mL graduated cylinder Part I: STANDARDIZATION OF PRIMARY STANDARD PROCEDURE 1. Measure out 100 mL of distilled water into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 2. Set up the data collection system. Connect the pH Sensor to the interface.