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* Show Poiseuille BTC; Fundamentally different * Show Poiseuille BTC; Fundamentally different Fractured rock (NSW Australia) Motivation Karst /kincaid/Modeling/wakulla/wakcave2.jpg ~100 m ~11 m3 s-1 White Scar, England; photo by Ian McKenzie, Calgary, Canada These data and images were produced at the High-Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography Facility of the University of Texas at Austin Basic Fluid Dynamics Momentum p = mu Viscosity Resistance to flow; momentum diffusion Low viscosity: Air High viscosity: Honey Kinematic viscosity: Reynolds Number The Reynolds Number (Re) is a non-dimensional number that reflects the balance between viscous and inertial forces and hence relates to flow instability (i.e., the onset of turbulence) Re = v L/n L is a characteristic length in the system Dominance of viscous force leads to laminar flow (low velocity, high viscosity, confined fluid) Dominance of inertial force leads to turbulent flow (high velocity, low viscosity, unconfined fluid) Re 1 (Stokes Flow) Tritton, D.J. Physical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 519 pp. Separation Eddies, Cylinder Wakes, Vortex Streets Re = 30 Re = 40 Re = 47 Re = 55 Re = 67 Re = 100 Re = 41 Tritton, D.J. Physical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 519 pp. Eddies and Cylinder Wakes S.Gokaltun Florida International University Streamlines for flow around a circular cylinder at 9 ≤ Re ≤ 10.(g=0.00001, L=300 lu, D=100 lu) Eddies and Cylinder Wakes Streamlines for flow around a circular cylinder at 40 ≤ Re ≤ 50.(g=0.0001, L=300 lu, D=100 lu) (Photograph by Sadatoshi Taneda. Taneda 1956a, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 11, 302-307.) S.Gokaltun Florida International University L Flow u a x y z Poiseuille Flow Poiseuille Flow In a slit or pipe, the velocities at the walls are 0 (no-slip boundaries) and the velocity reaches its maximum in the middle The velocity profile in a slit is parabolic and given by: x = 0 x = a/2 u(x) G can be due to gravitational accelera