22-utpafacultyweb.ppt

Sagas “A sequence of flat transactions that can be interleaved with other transactions”. DBMS guarantees that either all transactions in saga are successfully completed or compensating transactions are run to undo partial execution. Saga has only one level of nesting. For every subtransaction defined, there is corresponding compensating transaction that will semantically undo subtransaction’s effect. Pearson Education ? 2014 * Sagas Relax property of isolation by allowing saga to reveal its partial results to other concurrently executing transactions before it completes. Useful when subtransactions are relatively independent and compensating transactions can be produced. May be difficult sometimes to define compensating transaction in advance, and DBMS may need to interact with user to determine compensation. Pearson Education ? 2014 * Multi-level Transaction Model Closed nested transaction - atomicity enforced at the top-level. Open nested transactions - allow partial results of subtransactions to be seen outside transaction. Saga model is example of open nested transaction. So is multi-level transaction model where tree of subtransactions is balanced. Nodes at same depth of tree correspond to operations of same level of abstraction in DBMS. Pearson Education ? 2014 * Multi-level Transaction Model Edges represent implementation of an operation by sequence of operations at next lower level. Traditional flat transaction ensures no conflicts at lowest level L0 . In multi-level model two operations at level Li may not conflict even though their implementations at next lower level Li-1 do. Pearson Education ? 2014 * Example - Multi-level Transaction Model Pearson Education ? 2014 * Example - Multi-level Transaction Model T7: T71, which increases balx by 5 T72, which subtracts 5 from baly T8: T81, which increases baly by 10 T82, which subtracts 2 from balx As addition and subtraction commute, can execute these subtransactions in any order, and c