无穷小的发展及其认识答案.docVIP

摘 要 微积分是高等数学的基本组成部分，它不仅在高等数学中占有重要地位，而且也是现代化建设和高科技发展不可缺少的有效工具。而无穷小是微积分理论的最基本概念之一，在微积分理论体系中，无穷小是一个必须要弄清楚的概念。然而，人们对无穷小的认识却经历了一个漫长的过程。直到十八世纪，仍然没有较完善的解释无穷小概念。无穷小是什么？无穷小究竟能不能是零？我们怎样确切地描述它？这些问题引起了数学界乃至哲学界的争论长达一个半世纪。无穷小问题至关重要，若其不能解决，极限概念就无法建立，微积分理论就不会完善。到十九世纪二十年代，无穷小概念才有了比较合理的解释。为了更好地学习微积分理论，掌握现代化科学文化知识，正确认识无穷小量的历史发展根源及其内涵也是非常重要的。本文主要通过无穷小的历史认识无穷小的地位和价值。 关键词：无穷小量，微积分，发展，认识 Development and understanding of infinitesimal Abstract： Calculus is the basic part of higher mathematics, it not only occupies an important position in higher mathematics, and it is also an effective tool to modernization and high-tech development essential. But the infinitely small is one of the most basic concepts of calculus, calculus theory, infinitely small is a must to clarify the concept of. However, peoples awareness of the infinitesimal has experienced a long process. Until eighteenth Century, there is no perfect interpretation of the concept of infinitesimal. Infinitesimal is what? Infinitesimal what can not be zero? How can we describe it exactly? These problems caused by the mathematics community and philosophical debate for 1.5 century. Essential infinitely small problem, if not solved, the concept of limit cannot be established, calculus theory is not perfect. In nineteenth Century twenty time, the idea of infinitesimal is relatively rational explanation. In order to better learning calculus theory, master the modern scientific and cultural knowledge, causes the historical development and connotation of the correct understanding of infinitesimal is also very important. In this paper,the historical understanding through infinitesimal infinitesimal status and value. Keywords: infinitesimal calculus, development, understanding 目 录 一、引言 1 二、无穷小的发展及历史过程 1 （一）无穷小概念的产生 1 （二）牛顿和莱布尼茨对无穷小量的认识 2 1.牛顿与无穷小量 2 2.莱布尼茨与无穷小量 3 （三）莱布尼茨和牛顿对无穷小的异同 6 （四）无穷小量在第二次数学危机中的原因 6 （五）无穷小的最后完善 8 三、无穷小在数学中 要求它的曲线公式的问题，他用字母表示横坐标的无穷小增量，称之为的瞬，于是新的横坐标就是，全部面积是 按二项式定理展开之