高考英语语法知识化篇-非谓语动词种类及句法功能.docVIP

非谓语动词 知识要点： 一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能 （一）概述： 在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。 1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有： 1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如： They built a garden． They suggested building a garden． 2 The suit fits him very well． The suit used to fit him very well． 3, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如： He was punished by his parents． He avoided being punished by his parents． We have written the composition． Having written the composition, we handed it in． 4）都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once． The boss ordered them to start the work． We are League members． We being League member, the work was well done． 2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有： 1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。 （二）非谓语动词的句法功能： 句子成分 非谓语 主语 表语 宾语 补语 定语 状语 同位语 不定式 动名词 （极少） 现在分词 过去分词 二、非谓语动词用法： （一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 1、不定式的形式： 主 动 被 动 一般式 to write to be written 进行式 to be writing / 完成式 to have written to have been written 否定式：not + （to） do 1 I’m glad to meet you． He seems to know a lot． We plan to pay a visit． He wants to be an artist． The patient asked to be operated on at once． The teacher ordered the work to be done． 2 The boy pretended to be working hard． He seems to be reading in his room． 3 I regretted to have told a lie． I happened to have seen the film． He is pleased to have met his friend． 2 1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard． To lose your heart means failure． it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes． It means failure to lose your heart． 2 Her job is to clean the hall． He appears to have caught a cold． 3 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia． I have no choice but to s