固相萃取技术-.ppt

1、Reversed-phase bonded silica sorbents having alkyl groups such as octadecyl (C18, C18), octyl (C8, C8), or ethyl (C2, C2) covalently bonded to the silica gel backbone or cyclohexyl (CH) or phenyl groups and sorbents composed of polymeric resins such as polystyrene–divinylbenzeneinteract primarily with analytes via van der Waals forces. 2、Nonionic watersoluble compounds can be retained by reversed-phase sorbents but may not be as well retained as analytes that are soluble in methanol or methanol–water miscible mixtures. 3、Normal-phase polar sorbents, such as silica, alumina, and Florisil, and cyano (CN) bonded phases interact by polar-dipole/dipole forces between polar functional groups in the analyte and the polar surface of the sorbent. 4、Amino (NH2) and diol sorbents interact with analytes by hydrogen bonding. 5、Hexane-soluble analytes are best retained by normalphase sorbents such as silica or Florisil or polar functionally substituted bonded phases such as amino or diol. 6、Strong cation-exchange (SCX) and strong anion-exchange (SAX) sorbents interact primarily through electrostatic attractions between the sorbent and the analyte. 7、Graphitized carbon sorbents exhibit both nonspecific van der Waals interactions and anionexchange, or electrostatic, attraction for analytes. 五、 SPE方法的建立 柱预处理-Condition 柱预处理有两个目的:一个目的是除去填料中可能存在的杂质；另一个目的是使填料溶剂化，提高固相萃取的重现性。填料未经预处理或者未被溶剂湿润，能引起溶质过早穿透，影响回收率。 对于非极性相和离子交换SPE柱使用的柱预处理溶剂为易溶于水的甲醇、 乙腈、四氢呋喃和丙酮。通常还要用水或缓冲液洗去残留在柱上的有机溶剂。 五. SPE方法的建立 柱预处理-Condition 对于极性的SPE柱，非极性溶剂适合用于预处理过程 。通常很少有人用极性溶剂去处理极性的SPE柱， 因为极性溶剂会与键合相发生作用 ，减少吸附剂的与样品作用的表面积。 五、 SPE方法的建立 柱预处理– Why Condition？ Conditioned sorbent Unconditioned sorbent Good transport between sample and sorbent 五、 SPE方法的建立 加样- Load Sample 预处理后，试样溶液被加至并通过SPE柱。在该步骤，分析物及杂质被保留在吸附剂上。 为了防止分析物的流失，试样溶剂强度不宜过 高。当以反相机理萃取时，以水或缓冲剂作为溶剂，其中有机溶剂量不