Diagnostic Horizons.pptVIP

Soil Orders in Florida Histosols Spodosols Pine Flatwoods (wet, acidic) Mollisols Mollic Epipedon High organic matter Thick surface horizon Highly productive Many with argillic Poorly-drained Surface % B.S. 50% Mollisols Grasslands Soil Orders Entisols Histosols Inceptisols Andisols Gelisols Aridisols Vertisols Alfisols Mollisols Ultisols Spodosols Oxisols slight Strong Weathering and development * * Soil Taxonomy and Classification Order Suborder Great group Sub group Family Series 12 19,000 Soil Taxonomy Hierarchy 63 250 1400 8000 Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Diagnostic Surface Horizons Epipedons Mollic Umbric Ochric Histic Melanic Plaggen Anthropic Very common Human-derived “specialized” Vegetation established O.M. accumulation time Organic Matter Accumulation Histic Mollic, Umbric ochric Parent material tmax = 3000 yrs Diagnostic Sub-surface Horizons Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons Clays Organic Matter Oxides Formation Translocation Transformation Organic Matter Clays Oxides smectites Subsurface Horizons Kaolinite Also: salts, carbonates, sulfides Dark colors Metals (Fe, Al) Iron Aluminum Formation Translocation Transformation Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons Albic Argillic Spodic Oxic Kandic Cambic Sombric sulfuric Natric Agric Calcic Gypsic Salic Duripan Fragipan Placic Subordinate Distinctions Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons Albic (white) Horizon Light-colored (Value 6 moist ) Elluvial (E master horizon*) Low in clay, Fe and Al oxides Generally sandy textured Low chemical reactivity (low CEC) Typically overlies Bh or Bt horizons albic *not all E horizons are albic horizons Argillic Horizon Illuvial accumulation of silicate clays Illuvial based on overlying horizon Clay bridges Clay coatings Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons Bt horizon Diagnostic Subsurface Clay Horizons Argillic Horizon Kandic Horizon Activity of Clays High Low Illuviation of clay Necessary Not Necessary Diagnostic Subsurface Horizons S