分子生物学习题案.docVIP

分子生物学习题答案 第一章 绪论 Chapter 1 Introduction 一 名词解释 1．人类基因组计划：与曼哈顿原子弹计划和阿波罗登月计划相媲美的美国人类基因组计划（human genome project, HGP)，解读人基因组上的所有基因、24个染色体DNA分子中的碱基序列。在“人类基因组计划”中，分为两个阶段：DNA序列图以前的计划和DNA序列图计划。序列图前计划包括遗传图、物理图、转录图。 2. RFLP (restrict fragment length polymorphism )：A variation from one individual to the next in the number of cutting sites for a given restriction endonuclease in a given genetic locus. 3. DNA指纹：基因组中存在着多种重复序列，拷贝数从几个到数十万个，可分为串联重复序列和分散重复序列。根据个体重复序列拷贝的位置和数目的差异，使用限制性内切酶，获得具有个体特异性的DNA片段。可以作为亲缘关系或个人身份的鉴定。 4. SNP（single nucleotide polymorphism, 单核苷酸多态性）：在一个群体中，基因组内某一特定核苷酸位置上出现2种或2种以上不同核苷酸的现象，在群体中相应频率为1-2%。如果低于这个频率，可视为点突变。 二 简答 1. What is molecular biology？ Molecular biology is the subject of gene structure and function at the molecular level. To explain the principle of development, metabolism, heredity and variation, aging at the molecular level. It grew out of the disciplines of genetics and biochemistry. 2. Major events in the genetics century 第二章 核酸、蛋白质结构 一 选择题： B, E, D, A, A 二 名词解释 1．Transfection：describes the introduction of foreign material into eukaryotic cells using a virus vector or other means of transfer. The term transfection for non-viral methods is most often used in reference to mammalian cells, while the term transformation is preferred to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria and non-animal eukaryotic cells such as fungi, algae and plants. 2．Configuration：The configuration of a molecule is the permanent geometry that results from the spatial arrangement of its bonds. The ability of the same set of atoms to form two or more molecules with different configurations is stereoisomerism. Configuration is distinct from chemical conformation, a shape attainable by bond rotations. 3．构象：(Conformation, generally means structural arrangement），指一个分子中不改变共价键结构，仅是单键周围的原子旋转所产生的原子空间排列。 4．Genetic code：The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequence