学功位英s语虚拟语气.docVIP

学位英语语法重点——虚拟语气 虚拟语气 （每次考试一般占4－5分） 　　所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小，称为虚拟条件句。 　　虚拟条件句，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类： 假设类型 条件从句动词的时态 结果主句的动词的时态 　　与现在事实相反 if + 过去式（be只用were不用was） would/should/might/could + 动词原型 　　与过去事实相反 if had + 去过分词 would/should/might/could + have + 过去分词 　　与将来事实可能相反 if were to + 动词原形if should + 动词原形 would/should/might/could + 动词原型一、在条件句中的应用： 　　If he had time， he would come. 如果有时间，他一定来。（已经过去） 　　A. 现在事实 　　I would certainly go if I had time. 如果我有时间当然去。 　　If he were here， he might help you. 如果他在这也许帮能你。 　　1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him. （C， 95年） 　　A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know 　　B. 过去事实 　　59、If Bob____ with us， he would have had a good time. （C， 95年） 　　A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came 　　C. 将来事实 　　we would state at home if it should rain tomorrow. 　　If I were to do the examination I would it some other way. 　　注意： 　　⑴条件从句中，如果含有be动词、助动词、情态动词， had， should或动词to have，可省略if，要倒装，即把这些词放到主语前面。 　　1. _____ you were busy， I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. （B， 96年） 　　A. If I realized　　B. Had I realized　C. Did I have realized that　　D. As I realized 　　57. Had the weather been good， the children _____ out for a walk. （2001） 　　A. had gone 　　B. could have gone　　C. would go 　　D. went 　　答：B.当虚拟语气中含有were， had， should， would等词时， 可以省略if， 把这些词放在主语之前。Should I meet her， I would tell her.万一我见到他， 我会告诉他的。Were I in your position， I would do it better.如果我处在你的位置上， 我会做的更好。Had they made preparations， they would have succeeded.如果他们准备了的话， 他们应该能成功的。本句为和过去的事实相反的虚拟语气，因此选B. 　　32. the advice of his friends， he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. （D， 0404） 　　A. If he took B. If he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken 　　⑵ 条件从句有时可以用介词短语代替。有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for. 　　We couldn‘t have achieved so much without your help. 　　要不是你们帮忙我们不会取得这么大的成绩 　　36. But for my classmates‘ help， I the work in time. （D， 0404） 　　A. did not finish B. could not finish C. will not finish D. would