六年级英语下册 课外拓展Unit9 现在完成时课件 人教新课标版.pptVIP

一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 ◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now,等具体的时间状语。 ◎ 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already,等。　 ◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不确定的时间状语。 请大家认真分析比较下列各例句： I saw this film yesterday. （只说明动作发生在过去。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）　 She has returned from Paris.　 （她已从巴黎回来了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来的。） He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago.　 ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) 注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如： （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. * 现在完成时怎样使用呢？ 请看一下情景 1.A man sitting next to you on a flight seems very nervous but feels very excited. You can ask: Have you ever taken a flight before?(take a flight) John goes out. Five minutes later, the phone ring and the caller says “Can I speak to John?” You say: “I am afraid he has just gone out.(go out) You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: Wait a minute! ___________________.(not/finish) 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。我们用一幅图来表达会更容易理 例如： ① I have never heard of that before. ② Have you ever ridden a horse? ③ She has already finished the work. ④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. ⑤ I’ve just lost my math book. 助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词 注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，不规则变化则须单独记忆。 2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词） 一段时间的表达方法有两种: for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years