第6章 线性代数方程式.pptVIP

linear 5x-2y 13 7x+3y 24 Linear ~ dependent variable 不可以有一次以外的次方 6.1 Elementary Solution Methods Successive elimination of variables Gauss elimination Gauss elimination -x+y+2z 2 1 3x-y+z 6 2 -x+3y+4z 4 3 -x+y+2z 2 1 2y+7z 12 4 2y+2z 2 5 Gauss elimination -x+y+2z 2 1 5z 10 6 y -1 7 x 1 Self test p.334 Singular ill-conditioned problems 3x-4y 5 6x-10y 2 Sol. 7,4 3x-4y 5 6x-8y 10 Infinite solutions 3x-4y 5 6x-8y 3 empty set Homogeneous equations 6x+ay 0 2x+4y 0 ? a-12 y 0 ? If a~ 12, x 0 If a 12, infinite solutions Ill-conditioned equations 3x-4y 5 1 6x-8.002y 3 2 ? y 3x-5 /4 ? y 3x-1.5 /4.001 x,y 4668, 3500 Very sensitive ! Matrix methods for linear equations Determinants 行列式 Determinants and singular problems If determinant of A 0, then a singular problem. If determinant of A ~ 0 If determinant of A 0 Left-division method A [3,2,-9;-9,-5,2;6,7,3]; det A b [-65;16;5]; A\b ans 288 ans 2.0000 -4.0000 7.0000 Right-division method Ex.6.2-2 p.342 Kirchhoff’s law Current conservation at a node % resist.m % solve the current i_1,i_2,i_3 R [5,100,200,150,250]*1000; v1 100; v2 50; A1 [R 1 +R 4 ,-R 4 ,0]; A2 [-R 4 ,R 2 +R 4 +R 5 ,-R 5 ]; A3 [0,R 5 ,- R 3 +R 5 ]; A [A1;A2;A3]; b [v1;0;v2]; current A\b; disp The currents are: disp current The currents are: 1.0e-003 * 0.9544 0.3195 0.0664 Exercise p.343-345 Matrix inverse An example of Statics Derivation of equilibrium equations. Solve the linear equations by matlab. P.346-348 Ex. 6.2-5 Check by matlab as well as by hand for an inversion of 2 by 2 matrix. 2x+9y 5 3x-4y 7 A [2,9;3,-4]; b [5;7]; x inv A *b x 2.3714 0.0286 Cramer’s method Self test … 6.4 Underdetermined systems A [1,3]; b 6; x A\b x 0 2 Underdetermined systems Matrix rank 矩陣的秩 Existence and uniqueness of solutions Augmented matrix Existence and uniqueness of solutions Augmented matrix Singular matrix Ex 6.4-1 3x-2y+8z 48 -6x+5y+z -12 9x+4y+2z 24 A [3,-2,8;-6,5,1;9,4,2]; b [48;-12;24]; rank A