2013年设计温湿度检测设计-(外文)翻译.docVIP

Guangxi University of Science and Technology 毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 外文题目 GSM移动通信系统综述 院 系 计算机学院 专 业 通信工程 班 级 学 号 座机电话号码2022 姓 名 指导教师 2013年5月20日 原文： Overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications History of GSM： During the early 1980s, analog cellular telephone systems were experiencing rapid growth in Europe, particularly in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom, but also in France and Germany. Each country developed its own system, which was income paible with everyone elses in equipment and operation（In terms of equipment and operation and other countries are not identical）. This was an undesirable sitution, because not only was the mobile equipment limited to operation within national boundaries, which in a unified Europe were increasingly unimportant , but there was also a very limited market for each type of equipment , so economies of scale and the subsequent savings could not be realized. The Europeans realized this early on , and in 1982 the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs CEPT formed a study group called the Groupe Special Mobile GSM to study and develop a pan-European public land mobile system. The proposed system had to meet certain criteria: Good subjective speech quality Low terminal and service cost Support for international roaming Ability to support handheld terminals Support for range of new services and facilities Spectral efficiency ISDN compatibility In 1989, GSM responsibility was transferred to the Europea Telecommunication Standards Institute ETSI , and phase I of the GSM specifications were published in 1990. Commercial service was started in mid-1991 , and by 1993 there were 36 GSM networks in 22 countries. Although standardized in Europe, GSM is not only a European standard. Over 200 GSM networks including DCS1800 andPCS1900 are operational in 110 countries around the world. In the beginning of 1994, there were 1.3 million subscribers worldwide which had grown to more than 55 million by October 1997.