甘草酸的粗提工研究.doc

甘草酸的粗提工艺研究 余 华rimary Process of Glycyrrhizic Acid Extracting from Glycyrrhiza Yu hua1 Chen Fang2* (1.Sichuan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quaranting Bureau of P.R. China, Sichuan Chengdu, 610041； 2. School of Pharmaceutical sciences , Southwest University, Chong qing, 400715,China ) Abstract：Glycyrrhizin extraction of Radix Glycyrrhiza is one of the key technologies of the development and application of Radix Glycyrrhiza. This paper used Radix Glycyrrhiza as the raw materials, ethanol as solvents, and used ultrasound-assisted extraction from glycyrrhiza, then did research on a few factors in the impact of ultrasound under the conditions of the extraction rate including the amount of solvent, solvent concentration, ultra-dose time, soaking time, size and other factors. At last, it got a simple, time-saving, high-yield, high purity and good selective process. The best extraction process is as follows: it uses the concentration of 70 percent ethanol as the best solvent extraction；the role of ultrasound time is 60 minute；the time of soaking is 2 hours；the head size was 50. Through this process, extracting time is shorter than the traditional extraction process, and the yield of glycyrrhizin has increased. Key words: Glycyrrhizic Acid；Orthogonal experimental design ;Supersonic wave；Extraction process； 图1 甘草酸的结构示意图 Figure 1 glycyrrhizic acid structure schematic drawing 甘草为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根及根茎，，,杂质较少[1]。 中药有效成分的提取，无论采用何种技术，提取溶剂的选择都很重要。在甘草酸的提取溶剂选中，候长军[2]通过数理模型，得出采用单一溶媒提取时60%乙醇的提取均值最大。谢果[3]也证实采用乙醇比丙酮氨水效果好，王巧娥[4]发现乙醇氨（乙醇10%，氨水0.5%）提取率最高。崔杏雨[5]等研究结果表明,乙醇10%和40%的乙醇氨溶液的提取效果明显提高，提取率比传统水提高8%，且提取率稳定。 从甘草中提取甘草酸的方法很多,但很多方法成高、收率低、工艺步骤繁琐、工业化较困难。传统方法包括室温冷浸法、渗漉法、煎煮和热回流法以及索氏提取法。室温冷浸法其提取的效率较低,时间相对较长；渗漉法提取效率较冷浸法高,提取时间较长,溶剂消耗量较大；煎煮和热回流法是通过加热处理,增加甘草酸的溶解度和加快溶出速度,热回流法避免了乙醇等低沸点溶剂的挥发损失,提取效率较高；索氏提取法提取效率较高,节省溶剂,但时间相对较长[6]。 近几年发展起来的提取方法主要有超声波提取方法，微波萃取技术萃取技术提取甘草酸 超声波提取方法通过对施加超声的功率,温度,浸渍时间,pH值,以及搅拌速率等参数进行了研究,认为与未施加超声场的传统方法相比,超声辅助提取可显著缩短提取时间,并获得较高的提取率。而且超声破碎过程是一个物理过程,被浸提的甘草酸在一定时间内保持不变。且超声法所