虚拟语气考点直叶得鹏.docVIP

虚拟语气考点直击 虚拟语气是普通高中《英语课程标准(实验)》在语法项目表中新增加的要求考生必须掌握的语法项目。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面让我们结合高考试题，对其常见考点进行归纳，希望能帮助同学们突破这一语法难点。 一、考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用 含有虚拟条件句的复合句中谓语动词构成的基本形式： if条件句 主句 与现在事 实相反 过去时(be用were) would} should} could} might…do 与将来事 实相反 ①过去时 ②were to do ③should do would{ should} could} might…do 与过去事 实相反 had done would} should l could{ might… have done 例如： If everyone in the country bought onesoft-drink each day and threw it away，therewould soon be a huge mountain of rubbish．如果全国每个人每天买一罐软料，然后把空罐扔掉，垃圾很快就会堆积成山的。(与现在事实相反) If the hurricane had happened during theDay time．there would have been many moredeaths．倘若飓风发生在白天，那么死亡的人数还会更多。(与过去事实相反) If it were to snow tomorrow．they wouldnot g0 out．如果明天下雪，他们就不出去了。(与将来事实相反) 【考例】①——he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race．(2007全国II) A．If B．Since C．Though D．When 【解析】根据句意“要是约翰的腿不受伤的话，他就赢得比赛了。”可知，这是一个表示与过去事实相反的含有虚拟语气的复合句，应使用if引导条件状语从句。故答案为A。 ②一If he __ ，he ___that food． --Luckily he was sent to the hospital im-mediately．(1993全国) A．was warned；would not take B．had been warned；would not have been C．would be warned；had not taken D．would have been warned；had not taken 【解析】从第二句话可知，事情发生在过去，与过去事实相反，从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中谓语动词用would／should．．．have done。故答案为B。 以下几种特例也应引起同学们注意： 1．省略if的虚拟条件句应使用部分倒装语序。 如果在条件句中含有were，had或should，可将if省略，然后将were．had或should移至主语之前。例如：Should there be a meeting tomorrow．1 would come．如果明天有会议召开，我会来的。 Had we made a great effort，we mighthave succeeded．如果我们(过去)做了很大的努力的话，我们可能就获得成功了。 【考例】①——fired，your health careand other benefits will not be immediately cutoff．(2006湖北) A．Would you be B．Should you be C．Could you be D．Might you be ②What would have had happened—As far as the river bank?(2001上海) A．Bob had walked farther B．if Bob should walk farther C．had Bob walked farther D．if Bob walked farther 【解析】两题考查含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中的省略现象。根据句意，考例①的条件句是对将来的一种虚拟，从句中谓语动词应使用s