开放英语II(13-17阶段复习.docVIP

英语II（1）第三阶段学习小结 深圳电大 苏曼华 Units 13-18中主要学习的语法项目：（重难点） must 和have to 表示义务和责任的用法（Unit 13），must, should, ought to 后接动词原形用于提出建议或给予劝告（Unit 16） must + 动词原形 “必须” (没有人称和时态的变化) In many secondary schools children must wear a uniform. have to + 动词原形 “不得不”、“必须” （有人称和时态的变化） He had to leave early yesterday. must 多表主观意志，have to 多表客观要求 I must finish my homework. (主观上我想这样做) I have to do my homework before I have dinner. (客观情况要求我这样做) 二者否定式的意义大不相同。 have to 的否定式表示“不必”,must 的否定式表示“不准” I don’t have to finish my homework now. I can do it at the weekend. You mustn’t arrive late or you’ll get into trouble. must, should, ought to 后接动词原形可用于提出建议或给予劝告 must/mustn’t 主要表示义务和强制，语气直接、强硬。 You must never let in strangers into your house. You mustn’t go through a park alone at night. should/shouldn’t用于第二人称时可表示温和的建议或命令，也可表示强烈的语气。You should leave your keys near the door. ought to 和 should 往往意义相近，在日常生活交际中多用后者。 You ought to have a phone in the bedroom. 练习：1. When I was a child, we ___ wear a uniform for school. (05年7月题) A. had to B. will have to C. have to D. had had to 2. When I was a child, we ___ wear a uniform for school. (Unit 18题) A. have to B. must C. had to Key: A C 动名词和动词不定式（Unit 13） （a）有些动词后跟动名词或不定式意义上没有区别,常见的有to start, begin, continue, like, love, hate, prefer等。 I began (started) learning English five years ago. = I began (started) to learn English five years ago. （b）但有些动词后跟动名词或不定式意义上有区别。后接动名词宾语是指动名词的行为在动词所示行为之前发生；后接不定式宾语是指可能发生在动词所示行为之后的事情。常见的有to remember, forget, stop, regret 和 try。 I remember telling her about the meeting. Please remember to post the letter. He stopped smoking. He stopped to smoke. （c）英语中有些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语，如 to admit, avoid, deny, enjoy, finish, mind, consider, give up, keep (on), suggest 等 I enjoy swimming. He admitted (承认) taking the mo