水土保持英文课件6 Soil and Water Conservation-Wang Min.ppt

Soil and Water Conservation Wang Min (王敏) （School of Water Engineering and Building) Soil Erosion What’s soil erosion? Erosion is the process of detachment and transport of soil particles by erosive agents (Ellison, 1944). Erosion is a natural geologic process. WATER EROSION WIND EROSION Wind Erosion Water Erosion SOIL EROSION IS A GLOBAL PROBLEM 1/3 world’s arable(适于耕种的) land lost since 1950, most in Asia, Africa and South America 30% of US farmland abandoned ( erosion, salinization and water-logging) 90% of US cropland losing soil faster than it is replaced Effects of Soil Erosion Country/Region Annual loss from erosion US US＄30 to 44 billion UK ￡90 million Java, Indonesia US＄400 million Zimbabwe US＄1500 million Soil Erosion on Loess Plateau Loess Plateau, China total area: 590 000 km2 Annual erosion rate Percentage of area 3 700 t/ km2 73% 5 000 t/ km2 26% About 17% of the area of the Loess Plateau has the most severe soil erosion in the world. SIGNIFICANT SOIL LOSS IN THE USA WATER 3.5 X 109 T/yr WIND 1.5 X 109 T/yr WIND EROSION WIND CREEP SUSPENSION SALTATION SALTATION 跃移 DETACHES PARTICLES ( MOST ) SMALLER PARTICLES SUSPENDED 悬浮 LARGER PARTICLES CREEP 蠕动 SANDY AND SILTY SOILS MOST SUSCEPTIBLE 易受影响 SOIL ACCUMULATION IN DITCHES AND FENCE ROWS Dust bowl 1931-1939 there was a drought in USA called the “dust bowl”. It caused huge dust storms to erupt that destructed billions of acres of farmland. WIND EROSION CAN BE SIGNIFICANT Storms In the first year of the drought there were 14 storms reported and the second year there were 38 storms. It was getting worse. Ruined land Tons of damage was done to every one’s land and it cost billions of dollars to repair the damages. Black Sunday April 14th,1934 Black Sunday was the worst blizzard of