托福阅读真题训练之输血.docVIP

托福阅读真题训练之输血 小马过河为大家准备了“托福阅读真题训练之输血”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 　　【Introduction】 　　输送血液可以称为生命的礼物。然而，从每年5百万输血病人的大部分情况来看，实际上，输血弊大于利。 　　【Section One】Article 　　Why Banked Blood Goes Bad 　　It‘s a problem that doctors have been wrestling with for several years, as study after study shows a disturbing spike in heart disease and death in patients receiving transfusions. The trend affects almost every group of critically ill patients — from trauma sufferers in the ER to heart attack victims, patients with anemia and those undergoing chemotherapy. This increase in death and heart disease, doctors say, is unrelated to infectious blood-borne diseases or allergic reactions that often follow transfusions. After you control for sickness and all sorts of things, patients who receive transfusions still have more heart attacks. It makes no sense, says Dr. Jonathan Stamler, a professor of medicine at Duke University Medical Center. 　　Logically, and medically, patients who need transfusions — those with low blood counts — should benefit immediately from a transfusion of new oxygen-laden red blood cells. Yet many get sicker. Puzzled by the paradox, Stamler and his colleagues decided to look more closely at banked blood — to figure out whether it underwent certain changes that turned it from life-saving in the donor to potentially deadly in the bag. 　　Their finding, reported this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: nitric oxide NO . A workhorse of the blood, the gas helps red blood cells ferry oxygen to tissues and props open tiny vessels to allow freer blood flow. It turns out that within hours of leaving the body, levels of nitric oxide in the blood begin to drop, until, by the time donated blood expires after 42 days, the gas is almost nonexistent. The reality is that we are giving blood that cannot deliver oxygen properly, says Stamler, lead author of the study. Many patients who are getting blood are being put at increased risk. 　　Previou