初一年级英语语法总汇解析.ppt

　　(3)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 　　一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，因此，若不强调某事对现在的影响就不用现在完成时。如： 　　I saw the movie yesterday. 　　我昨天看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的) 　　I have already seen the film. 　　我已经看过这部电影了。(强调到现在为止看过这部电影了) 语法互动(十)┃时态和语态 　　(4)延续性动词 　　在现在完成时中，如果有持续的时间状语，则要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如： 　　I have had the book for two days. 　　这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had而不用bought) 　　I have been in Tokyo for two weeks. 　　我已经来东京两周了。(用been in而不用come to) 　　常用的非延续性动词变延续性动词如下： 　　①have arrived at/in sp, have got to/reached sp, have come/gone/moved to sp→have been in sp 　　②have become→have been 　　③have got up→have been up 　　④have died→______________ 　　have been dead 语法互动(十)┃时态和语态 　　⑤have left sp→_____________________ 　　⑥have fallen asleep/gone to sleep→have been asleep 　　⑦have finished/ended/completed→_________________ 　　⑧have married→have been married 　　⑨have begun→______________ 　　⑩have borrowed→______________ 　　?have bought→have had 　　?have caught/got a cold→have had a cold 　　?have got to know→have known 　　?have gone to→have been in 　　?have joined/taken part in the League/the Party/the army→have been a member of the League/the Party/the army, have been in the League/the Party/the army 　　have been away from sp 　have been over 　have been on have kept 语法互动(十)┃时态和语态 　　(5)have been to, have gone to, have been in的区别： 　　have been to表示“过去曾去过某地”，说话时已从该地回来，现在已不在该地；have gone to表示“已去了某地”，说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中，现在还未回来；have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”，后面跟副词时不用in。如： 　　—Where is Mrs Smith? 　　史密斯夫人在哪？ 　　—She isnt here. She has gone to England. 　　她不在这，她去了英国。 语法互动(十)┃时态和语态 　　6．过去进行时 　　(1)结构： was/were＋v.-ing 　　(2)用法：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如： 　　His father fell down while he __________ his bicycle and hurt himself. 　　他爸爸骑自行车时摔倒了，弄伤了自己。 　　(3)常用的时间状语： this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while等。 　　 was riding 语法互动(十)┃时态和语态 　　(4)when和while的区别： 　　①引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。如： 　　What was your father doing ______ your mother was cooking