American-jury-system.ppt

Major points The definition of the jury system Something about the jury The procedure of the jury system The kinds of the jury system 陪审制起源于古代英国，并逐渐被美国和香港等国家和地域的司法制度所继承。是指从一般市民中随机选出若干名陪审员，委派其参与刑事诉讼或民事诉讼的审理，并独立于法官作出事实认定以及决定法律适用的司法制裁。 　　陪审团在刑事案件中会就被告人有罪或无罪做出判断，而在民事诉讼中则会就被告有无责任或损害赔偿金额等做出判断。陪审团所认定的结果在英美法上称为verdict，仅具事实认定之效果而非正式判决，法官会据以参酌法律判断做出判决。如果陪审团所认定判决不合乎常理，或者有违背法官所给的法律指示，法官得依一造之声请排除陪审团的结论而迳为判决（英美法上称为JNOV）。 　　 陪审团分为大陪审团和小陪审团。大陪审团只适用于刑事案件，由23人组成，其主要职责是决定是否起诉，可以在任期内（一般4周）审理若干起案子；而小陪审团则参加审判，决定被告人是否有罪，而在民事诉讼中则是决定被告人是否要赔偿。小陪审团一般由6-12人组成，一案一组。在一些国家或地区，设有替补陪审员，和陪审员一同产生并旁听案件审理。如正式陪审员因某些原因不能完成工作，由替补陪审员接替并投票表决。在另一些地方，如有陪审员中途退出，需要解散原来的陪审团，重行选出新的陪审团，并且重新开始审讯程序。陪审员如无合理原因而缺席审讯是违法的，可被法律追究。 What is the jury system? In America a jury is usually a group of twelve men and women who preside(主持） at a trial and determine the innocence or guilt of the person on trial. ◆The use of the jury system is an important protection against judicial tyranny(专横） and represents the voice of the people. TEXT …an accused in the United States is entitled to a trial by jury whenever the case is originally brought into federal court and involves an offense for which the punishment may exceed six months’ imprisonment and in which the defendant is prosecuted as an adult. 在美国，任何联邦法院初审案件，只要被告人可能被判处六个月以上监禁的刑罚而且被告人是成年人的话，此人就有权获得陪审团审判。 THE ROLE OF THE JURY The jury’s function during a trial is to decide the facts of the case. It is the judge’s function, inter alia, to explain the law to the jury… The judge conducts the trial, decides any legal issues that arise during the trial and controls the evidence the jury is allowed to hear. 陪审团在审判中的作用是对案件事实进行判断。 法官的职责之一就是向陪审团解释法律… 法官主持庭审，裁断庭审中出现的任何法律问题，并控制陪审团能够听取的证据。 SELECTION OF THE JURY Anyone who is listed on the electoral register between the age of 18 and 70 is eligible for jury service. Ineligible persons are members of the judiciary and others involved in the justice system, e.g. barristers and solicitors, the clergy ,the ment