换言之翻译第二讲义西外李林波.docVIP

Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Terminology Chapter 3 Collocation: p47 Idiom and fixed expressions: p47 Marked collocation: p51 Accuracy：p56 Naturalness: p56 Chapter 4 Grammar: p83 Morphology: p83 Syntax: p83 Gender: p90 Text: p111 Collocation: semantically arbitrary restrictions which do not follow logically from the propositional meaning of a word; the tendency of certain words to co-occur regularly in a given language. p47 Idiom and fixed expressions: frozen patterns of language which allow little or no variation in form and, in the case of idioms, often carry meanings which cannot be deduced from their individual components. p47 Marked collocation: an unusual combination of words, one that challenges our expectations as hearers or readers. p51 Accuracy：A term used to refer to the extent to which a translation matches its original. It usually refers to preservation of the information content of ST in TT. An accurate translation is generally literal rather than free. P56 Naturalness: A term used to refer to the extent to which a translation is expressed in clear, unforced terms in TL, as stated by Nida and Taber that translating “consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” P56 Grammar: the set of rules which determine the way in which units such as words and phrases can be combined in a language and the kind of information which has to be made regularly explicit in utterances. p83 Morphology: the study of the structure of words, the way in which the form of a word changes to indicate specific contrasts in the grammatical system. p83 Syntax: the study of the grammatical structure of groups,clauses, and sentences: the linear sequences of classes of words such as noun, verb, adverb, and adjective, and functional elements such as subject, predicator, and object, which are allowed in a given language. p83 Gender: a grammatical distinction accordi