基于分级选址模型的学校选址问题研究.docVIP

基于分级选址模型的学校选址问题研究( 万 波1,2，杨 超1，黄　松1，　1 (1.华中科技大学管理学院，湖北 武汉 430074；2.江汉大学教务处，湖北 武汉 430056) Hierarchical Location Model WAN Bo, YANG Chao, HUANG Song, Dong Peng (1.School of Management, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan 430074, China； 2. Registration Center，Jianghan University，Wuhan 430056，China) Abstract: School being one kind of very important public service facilities, its location has aroused wide attention from scholars in different countries. Considering the characteristics of elementary and secondary school location in China, sub-utility function is adopted and a variety of location factors such as distance, service quality, etc have been taken into account to set up hierarchical median model with capacity constraints and utility function. The constraints of the model include the whole coverage of demand, the minimum capacity constraint of facilities, closest-assignment, single-assignment, and the limited number of opened and closed facilities. As a real-world case, the lagrangian relaxation algorithm has been used to solve the school location-allocation problem of Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, in which three scenarios are discussed: location-allocation rationality at the present, re-location and allocation after fluctuations in demand, and reasonable minimum capacity constrains. Key words: school location; median problem; utility function; lagrangian relaxation algorithm 1 引言 城市公共服务设施是指为市民提供公共服务产品的各种公共性、服务性设施，按照具体的特点可分为教育、医疗卫生、交通、体育等设施。[1]。公共服务设施选址涉及服务的便捷性，服务质量与服务水平以及需求者对服务的需求偏好等众多因素，且与和谐社会建设息息相关，该问题是城市规划和城市发展的重要问题。 学校作为一类非常重要的公共服务设施，其选址比其它类型公共设施选址问题更为复杂，因而引起了各国学者们的广泛关注。Moore和ReVelle[2]提出基于分级的带容量限制的覆盖选址模型，求各级服务设施覆盖人口最大化。Pizzolato等[3]利用无容量约束的P-中位模型，以所有居民到学校的总行走距离最小化为目标，对巴西的学校选址问题进行了研究。Antunes等[4]将动态规化模型用于葡萄牙学校网络规划，模型考虑了学校开关情况及学校规模的扩大与缩小情况。Pizzolato等[5]将ArcView GIS软件运用于选址问题中，利用P-中位模型对巴西学校选址与分配现状进行了研究，并就有容量约束与无容量约束两种情况进行了选址规划。Dohn等[6]将无容量约束设施选址模型(UFL)进行扩展，考虑设施数目及设施的最小容量约束，利用线性规划及混合整数规划方法进行求解与讨论。?ahin?等[7]认为学校选址问题具有单流、非嵌套、需