机械工程专业英语唐一平翻译.docVIP

Unit1 1.2Ferrous Metals and Alloys By virtue of their wide range of mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, ferrous metals and alloys are among the most useful of all metals. Ferrous metals and alloys contain iron as their base metal: the general categories are cast irons, carbon and alloy steels, stainless steels, tool and die steels. 1.2黑色金属及其合金： 由于它们的一系列广泛的机械物理和化学的特征，黑色金属及其合金是所有金属中最有用的铁是黑色金属及其合金中的基本元素主要种类有铸铁，碳钢，合金钢，不锈钢，工具钢和磨具钢 The term cast iron refers to a family of ferrous alloys composed of iron, carbon ranging from 2.11% to about 4.5% ,and silicon up to about 3.5% .Cast irons are usually classified as follows: Gray cast iron,or gray iron; Ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, or spherical graphite cast iron; White cast iron; Malleable iron; Compacted graphite iron。 （ ），它包含铁碳（2.5%—4.5%）和硅（ 3.5%）铸铁的分类如下1.灰铸铁2.球墨铸铁3.白口铸铁4.可锻铸铁5.如墨铸铁 The equilibrium phase diagram relevant to cast irons is shown in Fig.1.1,in which the right boundary is 100% carbon,that is pure graphite.The eutectic temperature is 1154hC 2109hF , and so cast irons are completely liquid at temperatures lower than those required for liquid steels. Consequently, iron with high carbon content can be cast at lower temperatures than can steels. 有关铸铁的平衡相图如图1.1所示 其右边界是100%的碳 那是纯石墨，其共晶温度是1154℃因此铸铁可以在比那些熔化钢更低的温度下完全液化所以含碳量较高的铸铁的浇注温度比钢低。 Carbon steels are generally classified by their proportion by weight of carbon content. 1.Low-carbon steel, also called mild steel, has less than 1.30% carbon. It is generally used for common industrial products, such as bolts,nuts, sheet, plate, and tubes, and for machine components that do not require high strength. 碳钢：碳铜大体上是按碳含量的臂力来分类的 低碳钢又叫做软钢其碳含量小于0.30%它用于普遍的工业产品，例如螺栓，螺母。钢板，港片钢管和那些强度要求不高的机器零件 Unit5 5.1 Introduction Conventional machining is the group of machining operations that use single- or multi-point tools to remove material in the form of chips.Metal cutting involves removing metal through machining operations.Machining traditionally takes place on lath