16磨损和润滑.docVIP

Wear can be defined as the progressive loss of material from the operating surface of a body occurring as a result of relative motion at the surface. The problem of wear arises wherever there are load and motion between surface, and is therefore important in engineering practice, often being the major types of wear are describe next: 磨损可以被定义为材料的发生于表面的相对运动的结果，一个主体的操作表面上的逐渐丧失。磨损的问题出现了任何存在负荷和运动表面之间，并因此在工程实践中重要的是，往往是磨损的主要类型是描述下： Adhesive Wear. When two surfaces are loaded against each other, the whole of the contact load is carried on very small area of the asperity contacts. The real contact pressure at these asperities is very high, and adhesion takes place between them. If a tangential force is applied to the model shown in Fig.16.1, shearing can take place either a at the interface or b below or above the interface, causing adhesive wear. Because of factors such as strain hardening at the asperity contact, the adhesive bonds often are stronger than the base metals. Thus, during sliding, fracture usually occurs in the weaker or softer component, and a wear fragment is generated. Although this fragment is attached to the harder component upper surface in Fig. 16. 1c , it eventually becomes detached during further rubbing at the interface and develops into loose wear particle. 粘着磨损。当两个表面加载针锋相对，整个接触载荷进行上的粗糙的接触面积非常小。在这些凹凸的实际接触压力是非常高的，和粘附以在它们之间的地方。如果切向力施加到在Fig.16.1所示的模型，剪切可以发生或者（a）在界面处或（b）下面或上面的界面，引起粘着磨损。由于因素如应变硬化的凹凸接触时，粘合剂粘合往往比贱金属更强。因此，滑动过程中，骨折通常发生在较弱或较软的成分，并产生磨损碎片。虽然此片段被连接到较硬部件（在图上表面。16.1c）中，它最终变得期间进一步摩擦界面处分离，并发展成松散磨粒。 Abrasive Wear. This type of wear is caused by a hard, rough surface or a surface containing hard, protruding particles sliding across another surface. As a result, microchips are produced, thereby leaving grooves or scratched on the softer surface Fig.16.2 . In fact, processes such as filing and grinding act in this manner. The difference is that, in these operations, the process parameters are controlled to produce the desired shapes and surf