阅读理解之猜测词义题应试指导.docVIP

阅读理解之猜测词义题应试指导  高考英语考纲列出了3500多个单词和一定数量的习惯用法及固定搭配，而且规定生词量不超过3%。生词量增加是近几年高考的一个明显的特点，高考试卷阅读理解的部分篇章中的某些生词，如果不影响理解文章，或考生能够根据上下文推断出其含义，可以不标注汉语。在高考中利用构词法构成的词汇不应当作为生词处理，因为构词法是中学生应该掌握的语言知识。根据上下文猜测词义可以在一定程度上考查考生的逻辑推断能力，是阅读能力的一个重要组成部分，自然应该出现在高考英语试卷中。 猜词不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义。 要求猜测词义的词一般为实词（动词、名词、形容词等）就方法来说，主要根据上下文线索（through context clues) 和构词法，高考阅读文章更侧重前者。 词义猜测题常用解题方法有： 1、定义法 一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或同位语从句等来确定词义。需要定义和解 释的单词和短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词，作者为了让读者正确理解 它们，就要作出定义和解释性说明。 例题1： According to a report published on the British medical magazine, The Lancet, a study of 10 German mobile phone(手机) users found that when they turned on their phones, their blood pressure(血压) goes up by five to ten millimeters of mercury(水银柱). Exactly how mobile phone use can lead to increase in blood pressure is still unclear, but the researchers believe that electro-magnetic fields (电磁场) sent out by the mobile phones have much to do with rise in blood pressure. Although the blood pressure increase found in the study are small, they may have very bad effects on the people who are already suffering from this disease, said Doctor S. Brawn, head of the research team. 1. The underlined part “The Lancet” is most probably ______. A. the name of a magazine B. the name of the research team C. the name of a hospital D. the title of a medical report 解析：答案为A。根据 According to a report published on the British medical magazine, The Lancet, a study of...这个句子结构可知The Lancet是magazine的同位语，由此可见The Lancet是医药杂志的名称，据此选A。 2、对比法 寻找文中相互对比、相互对照的线索来确定单词意义。在这类文章中通常会出现一些表示意义转折的词语，如：however，but，on the other hand，on the contrary，instead of，while等，读者可以分析这些信息，从而推测出生词的正确含义。 例题2： Should teachers visit kids’ homes? Last week we had a discussion on this topic. Most of us agree that teachers should go and visit some of their students’ parents to let them know what their children do at school. Teachers are supposed to tell parents the progress that children have made. In this way pare