第11章抗原提呈细胞与抗原的处理及提呈-2学时分解.pptVIP

* The only known function of dendritic cells is to present antigen to naive T cells and activate them. As we know, dendritic cells arise from bone marrow progenitors and migrate via the blood to peripheral tissues and organs. The immature DC in the peripheral tissues are highly phagocytic via receptors such as DEC 205 and are actively macropinocytic but express low levels of MHC proteins, and they lack co-stimulatory B7 molecules. So, they cannot present antigen and they are not yet equipped to stimulate naive T cells. In contrast, the mature DC in lymphoid tissue have high ability to present antigen but are no longer phagocytic. They express B7.1, B7.2, and high levels of MHC class I and class II molecules, as well as high levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, ICAM-2, LFA-1, and LFA-3 (center panel). They also express high levels of the dendritic-cell-specific adhesion molecule DC-SIGN, which binds ICAM-3 with high affinity. * BCR摄取抗原，在抗原浓度低的情况下，有效摄入和递呈，显示浓缩抗原效应。主要摄取可溶性抗原。 * BCR摄取抗原，在抗原浓度低的情况下，有效摄入和递呈，显示浓缩抗原效应。主要摄取可溶性抗原。 * Figure 8.18. The properties of the various antigen-presenting cells. Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells are the main cell types involved in the initial presentation of foreign antigens to naive T cells. These cells vary in their means of antigen uptake, MHC class II expression, co-stimulator expression, the type of antigen they present effectively, their locations in the body, and their surface adhesion molecules (not shown). The means of antigen uptake are different between these three types of cells. The immature dendritic cells use mainly macropicnocytosis to take up large amounts of antigen from extracellular fluid. Macrophages use phagocytosis to take up particular antigens, whereas B cells use their BCR to capture specific soluble antigens. * 完整的抗原必须首先在胞质中降解成抗原多肽，然后进行转运。 蛋白酶体（20S）是胞内一种大分子蛋白水解酶复合体，为中空（孔径约为1-2nm）的圆柱体结构，其具有酶活性的组分主要是两种蛋白酶体?亚单位（proteasome subunit beta type, PSMB）PSMB8和PSMB9，主要负责将溶酶体外的蛋白抗原降解为多肽。 * TAP是一种两个亚单位