第四章句子的翻译(主语的确定谓语的选择).ppt

e.g. 希望今后北京能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。 It is hoped that Beijing will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future. e.g. 我知道你要说服他放弃那个计划是很困难的。 I know it is difficult for you to persuade him out of the plan. 2.必须符合英美人的思维方式 e.g.她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。 It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. 强调客观事实“他是个不诚实的人” She has never thought that he is a dishonest man.（强调主观印象） e.g. 南京发生过许多重大的历史事件。 Nanjing witnessed many great historic events. 3.必须符合句中应突出的信息 e.g. …… 到去年年底，我部已同有关省市签订了100余艘中小船舶的建造合同和协议。 By the end of last year, contracts and agreements were signed with some provinces and cities for the construction of more than 100 medium-and small-sized vessels. e.g. 我给你打国际直拨就跟给楼下的李姐打电话差不多，一拨就通。 An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to Sister Li downstairs. 4.必须符合句中的逻辑关系 他的英语讲得很好。 He speaks good English. 我们事业从胜利走向胜利。 We have won one victory after another for our cause. A series of victories have been won for our cause. 1.确定汉语原文的主语为英语译文的主语 （1） 把汉语原文中的主语直接翻译成英语充当译文的主语 如： 当前，国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最深刻的变化。 At present, the international situation is experiencing the most complicated and profound changes since the end of Cold War. 和平与发展仍然是摆在世界各国人民面前的两大课题。 Peace and development are still the two subjects confronted with people all over the world. （2） 直接选用汉语原文中的代词来充当英语译文的主语。 如：我们正努力教育公民不要过度消费，比如使用过多的空调、私人汽车、以及随意处理的产品。 We are managing to educate citizens to avoid the behavior of over-consumption, such as the excessive use of air conditioners, private cars and disposable products at will. 如今我们有许多不同的选择：除传统的家常菜以外，还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。 Nowadays we have many varieties of choices: nutrition-balanced and healthy food, convenient and delicious fast food in addition to traditional homemade meal. （3） 在汉语中，动词也可以直接充当主语，英语的动词原形则不能，必须要使用这个动词的动名词形式或者不定式形式。 帮助真正的穷人，要比仅仅缩小贫富差距更有价值。帮助下层社会的人重新回到社会主流中来，符合所有人的利益。  Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities. And helping the lower class rejoin mainstream of society is in the inter