Aviation the environment Airport Perspective.ppt

CAUC Xinjiang * Aviation the Environment Environmental management – the airport perspective Global air transportation Contributes about 4.5% of global GDP (IATA 2000) About 3% of global energy-use-related emissions (IEA 2008) Global RPK growth of ~5%/year forecast (Airbus, Boeing 2009) Even with optimistic reductions in carbon intensity, aviation emissions are likely to grow Emissions from other sectors have been decreasing in some regions (e.g. the EU) Aviation potentially a target for emissions reduction policies  EU emissions – change since 1990  Main environmental impacts Noise Emissions (air pollution) Water pollution and use Waste management Energy management Wildlife management Heritage and landscape  Emissions  Increased Engine Pressure Ratio Temperatures Reduced Fuel Burn / CO2 Reduced HC and CO - Increased NOx Increased engine bypass ratio Reduced Fuel Burn / CO2 Reduced Noise Increased NOx Improved aerodynamic efficiency and reduced weight - Reduced CO2 Reduced Noise Reduced NOx Fuel Burn/CO2 Noise Other Emissions Continuous Descent Approach Reduced Noise Reduced Fuel Burn/CO2 Nacelle Modifications Reduced Noise Increased Fuel Burn/CO2 Emissions trading Basic principle: “Cap and Trade” Set a cap on emissions for a given year (e.g. 10,000 tonnes of CO2) The number of available allowances adds up to this amount (e.g. 10,000 permits for 1 tonne of CO2) Allocate these allowances to emitters by some method (often based on past emissions) Allow trading in allowances to account for difference in ease/cost of reducing emissions Emissions Number of allowances → Buy allowances Emissions Number of allowances → Sell allowances Should theoretically result in lowest-cost pollution reduction solution  Emissions trading Main existing CO2 emissions trading scheme is the EU ETS Sets cap on CO2 from included sectors only Cap for aviation = 97% of average 2004-2006 emissions, from 2012 Airlines can also buy allowances from other sectors Some proposed US