I- Drugs Containing Alkaloids.pptVIP

I- Drugs Containing Alkaloids 1- Solanaceous Leavesa- Belladonna leaf Folium Belladonnae Deadly nightshade Origin: the dried leaf and flowering top of Atropa belladonna F. Solanaceae Morphology: leaves are ovate, yellowish green in colour, petiolate, the lamina is simple, with entire margin, acuminate apex and decurrent base, lateral veins are anastomosing near the margin by a series of arches. Powder: green to brownish green, showing fragments of: epidermis with wavy walls, striated cuticle, stomata are anisocytic. Non-glandular hairs, multicellular, uniseriate. Clavate hair, glandular with unicellular curved stalk and multicellular club-shaped head. Idioblasts: parenchyma cells contain microsphenoidal crystals of Ca oxalate. Active constituents: Mydriatic alkaloids: hyoscyamine, atropine, hyoscine scopolamine and belladonnine. N.B. hyoscyamine levorotatory and atropine racemic are isomers, atropine is absent in fresh plant but produced during drying by racemization of hyoscyamine. Uses: Parasympatholytic Mydriatic Antispasmodic for colic and reduces hyperacidity, so used in peptic ulcer. Local anaesthetic. Sedative to the respiratory nerves to relieve spasmodic cough. Chemical tests: Mayers test: powder + dil. HCl, boil, filter, add Mayers reagent → white ppt. Vitalis test: boil the powder with dil. HCl, filter, evaporate to dryness, cool add 10 dps. of conc. nitric acid → yellow solution, evaporate to dryness, add 2 drops of alcoholic KOH → violet colour. b- Stramonium Leaf Folium Stramonii Thorn Apple Leaf Origin: the dried leaves and flowering tops of Datura stramonium F. Solanaceae Morphology: Leaves are petiolate showing long petiole hooked when dried, lamina is ovate coarsely dentate with acuminate apex and asymmetric base. Powder: grayish green to brownish green in colour, showing fragments of: Epidermis with wavy walls, smooth cuticle and anisocytic stomata. Clavate hair. Non-glandular hair, multicellular uniseriate with enlarg