ky-5 英译汉.docVIP

Unit 1 Computer and Behavior 2. In the short space of forty years, computers have become central to the operation of complex societies. Without computers and communication systems, much of manufacturing, industry, commerce, transport and distribution, government, the military, health services, education, and research would grind to a halt. Yet as society becomes more dependent on computers, it also becomes more vulnerable to the misuse of computers by human beings. 短短的40年期间，电脑已成为复杂社会的运转核心，没有电脑和通讯系统，许多生产制造业，工业，商业，运输和销售业，政府部门，军队，公共医疗卫生服务，教育，以及研究工作都会停滞下来。但是随着社会越来越依靠电脑，社会也越来越易受人类滥用电脑的影响。 5. Because computing is a relatively new and open field, the computer profession as such has had neither the time nor the organizational capability to establish a binding set of moral rules or ethics. Older professions, like medicine and the law, have had literally centuries to formulate their codes of conduct. And there is another problem, too: computer usage, unlike the practice of medicine or of the law, goes outside the profession. We are all computer users now, and we are all to some extent faced with the same ethical dilemmas and conflicts of loyalty as computer professionals. Many of these dilemmas - whether or not to copy software, for instance - are new grey areas for which there is little in the way of accepted rules or social conventions, let alone established case law. 由于电脑业是一个相对比较新的和开放的领域，所以电脑职业本身既无时间，也无组织能力去建立一套有约束力的道德规范。历史久一些的职业，如医学业和法律业，已有差不多几个世纪的时间来形成他们的行为准则。另外还有一个问题是，和医生或律师的行业有所不同，电脑的使用超出了电脑行业本身的范围。我们现在都是电脑用户，在某种程度上，我们都和从事电脑职业的人一样，面临着同样的道德困惑和忠信矛盾。许多的道德困惑--例如是否盗版软件--就是新的灰色地带，在已被接受的准则或社会惯例中很少有这种灰色地带，更不用说已制定的判例法了。 7. One problem in developing ethical guidelines for the computer profession is that it does not have the status of professions like medicine or the law. As Deborah Johnson of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute has argued in her various writings on the subject, computer professional are rather like engineers. Mostly they work as employees rather than in their own r