6 Biological nitrogen removal.pptVIP

BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN REMOVAL Nitrification- Biochemistry Nitrification- Biochemistry-continued Low growth rate for nitrifers High oxygen requirement 4.14 g O2 per gNH4+ removed Acid production 7.05 g CaCO3 per g NH3-N consumed Nitrification-Microbiology Genus: Ammonium oxidizers: Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, …. Nitrite oxidizers: Nitrobacter, Nitrococcus, Nitrospira, …. Carbon source: CO2 Diversity Phylogenetic tree of AOB Phylogenetic tree of AOB Kinetic parameters of ammonium oxidizers Kinetic parameters of nitrite oxidizers Balance between ammonium oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers Yamm Ynit ; qamm qnit Generally, no nitrite accumulation Unstable ecological system Accumulation of intermediate – nitrite Environmental factors Temperature Oxygen pH Toxic substances Organic substances Nitrification processes Nitrification can be carried out in both activated sludge and biofilm processes Always grow together with heterotrophic bacteria （Why？） Long SRT needed Denitrification Denitrification- Biochemistry Stoichiometry Denitrification-Microbiology Heterotrophic Diversity Facultative aerobes, which means they can shift easily between oxygen and nitrate respirations. Summary High growth rate Organic substances electron donor Alkalinity production Nitrification-denitrification Why nitrification and denitrification NH4+ N2 Process used: 1 Biofilm process 2 Activated sludge process Single sludge one stage Two stage sludge Three stage sludge Three stage activated sludge nitrogen removal process Two stage activated sludge nitrogen removal process Single stage activated sludge nitrogen removal process Luzack-Ettinger 1962 -Predenitrification Wuhrmann 1964 -Post denitrification MLE 1970’s Bardenpho Bio-denitro-Alternative SBR-Batch Luzack-Ettinger process Wuhrmann process MLE process Anoxic tank Principle Fully mixed and contact among bacteria and substrate utilized Types Continuous Mixed Tank Cyclic Tank Simultaneous nitrification denitrification SND