Unit 07 Voice Disorders.pptVIP

Copyright ? 2008 Delmar Learning. All rights reserved. Unit Seven Voice Disorders Chapter 27 Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory and Phonatory Systems The Respiratory System Driving support of voice production Intricate balance between respiration (inhalation and exhalation) and phonation Supportive Structures of Respiration Bones in the chest provide framework and protection of the respiratory system Thorax Contains the lungs and the heart Muscles of Respiration Diaphragm Primary muscle Internal and external intercostals Pectoralis major and minor muscles Rectus abdominis muscles Trachea Extends from larynx down to the lungs Composed of cartilaginous rings Respiratory Process Diaphragm lowers and rib cage expands Space in thoracic cavity increases Air pressure decreases in lungs Air flows down trachea into lungs Alveolar sacs and chest relax and air is forced from lungs Phonation Larynx is the organ of phonation Sits at top of trachea and below root of tongue Framework of Larynx Cricoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage Two arytenoid cartilages Epiglottis The Vocal Folds Biological function To prevent food/liquid entering the trachea Overlaid function of true vocal folds is to produce voice Vocal Folds Glottis Space between open vocal folds Posteriorly Vocal folds attach to the arytenoids Vocal Fold Vibration Vocal folds must open and close to produce voice Vocal folds are open when breathing Vocal Fold Vibration To produce voice Folds close Air pressure beneath the folds increases and forces folds to open Elasticity and Bernoulli’s law causes folds to close Subglottic air pressure builds up and forces folds to open again Maximum Phonation Time (MPT) Length of time a person can sustain a tone or sound on one expiration Varies based on gender, age, physical characteristics, health Frequency Frequency Number of cycles of opening and closing the vocal folds per second Measured in Hertz (Hz) Fundamental frequency Rate of vocal fold vibration Pitch Psychological