Introduction of Trematodes.pptVIP

Introduction of Trematodes Common Features of Human Trematodes 1. Most adult trematodes are dorsoventrally flattened, bilaterally symmetric, leaf-shaped or tongue-like. 2. All of them have two suckers, an oral and a ventral sucker. 3. The digestive tract degenerates. The end of intestine is a cecum without anus. 4. The reproductive system is developed and hermaphroditic. 5. Excretory system is degenerate, includes flame cells, capillaries, collecting tubules and an excretory bladder. 6. Eggs of most species have an operculum (lid) and/or a small spine (knob). The developed egg contains a miracidium. 7. They are biohelminths. Eggs develop only after getting into fresh water. Their intermediate hosts are in water. 1st intermediate hosts are all snails and 2nd intermediate hosts varies depending on species. 8 Alternation of generations is present in their life cycles. Sexual reproduction get into fresh water 9. Life cycle model: adult eggs lay hatch out asexual reproduction miracidia sporocysts rediae cercariae metacercariae 10. Infetive stage is usually a metacercria 11. They have their reservoir hosts. The fluke diseases are zoonoses. Fig. Diagram of life cycle of digenetic trematode Trematode Egg and Larvaes miracidia * Miracidia, sporocysts, rediae, cercariae, metacercariae * Miricidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria, metacercaria, germ cells * Miracidia, sporocysts, rediae, cercariae, metacercariae * Miricidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria, metacercaria, germ cells