2. climate change 璧勬枡.docVIP

Climate Change 气候变化 组员：丁雪 吴雪芬 张宏钰 张陶然 李文璐 李玉芳 李璐 Background knowledge 背景知识 1）Climate change 气候变化 Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth. 气候变化是指平均状态统计学意义上巨大改变或者持续较长一段时间（典型的为10年或更）的气候变动。Climate factors include such processes as variations in solar radiation, deviations in the Earths orbit, mountain-building and continental drift, and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. Some parts of the climate system, such as the oceans and ice caps, respond slowly in reaction to climate forcing because of their large mass. Therefore, the climate system can take centuries or longer to fully respond to new external forcing. 气候变化因素包括太阳辐射的变化，地球轨道偏移，造山运动，大陆漂移和温室气体浓度的变化。一些气候系统的组成部分，如海洋和冰盖，因其容积过大，对气候变化因素的反应较慢。因此，气候系统可能需要几百年或更长的时间才能完全适应新的外部作用力。Kyoto Protocol 京都议定书 The Protocol was initially adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan and entered into force on 16 February 2005. As of November 2009, 187 states have signed and ratified the protocol. The most notable non-member of the Protocol is the United States, which is a signatory of UNFCCC and was responsible for 36.1% of the 1990 emission levels. The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC), aimed at combating global warming. 此议定书最初是1997年12月在日本京都制定的，于2005年2月16日强制生效。至2009年11月，一共有187个国家通过了该条约，引人注目的是美国没有签署该条约，而美国是联合国气候变化框架公约国之一，占1990年度总排放量的36.1%。 《京都议定书》（英文：Kyoto Protocol，又译《京都协议书》、《京都条约》；全称《联合国气候变化框架公约的京都议定书》）是《联合国气候变化框架公约》（United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change，UNFCCC）的补充条款。其目标是抗击全球变暖。 3）United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 联合国气候变化框架公约The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Develop