语法第8节.pptVIP

语 法 突破 篇 被动语态 一、被动语态 1．被动语态的构成 英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由“助动词be加过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表： 时 体 现　在 过　去 将　来 过去将来 一　般 is/am/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/ should be done 进　行 is/am/are being done was/were being done will/shall be being done would/ should be being done 完　成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/ should have been done 完成进行 have/has been being done had been being done will/shall have been being done would/should have been being done 2.被动语态的使用范围 (1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。如： This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉料的。 English is spoken in Canada. 在加拿大人们说英语。 (2)为了强调动作的承受者时。如： Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibitions. 要求参观者不可触摸展品。 The store is run by the trade union. 这家店是商业工会办的。 The song was composed by a student. 这首歌是一个学生创作的。 (3)出于策略、委婉、礼貌等，不提出动作的执行者。如： You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。 The plan was generally considered not practical. 普遍认为这个计划不实用。 It’s said that he would come back soon. 据说他很快就会回来。 常用于如下句式： It’s not known that... ……不得而知 It’s said that... 据说…… It’s reported that... 据报道…… It’s not decided that... ……尚未决定 It’s believed that... 据认为…… It’s announced that... 据宣布…… 3．注意短语动词的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。如： That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常被人嘲笑。 The plan will be given up.那计划就要被放弃了。 Bad habits have been done away with.坏习惯已经改掉了。 注意：在被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 He must be prevented from going.必须阻止他去。 The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 计划必须尽早执行。 (谓语结构是：情态动词＋be＋过去分词) 4．“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。如： She got married last week.她上周结婚了。 The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。 He fell off the car and got killed. 他从车上摔下来，摔死了。 二、主动形式表被动意义 1．“系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，appear，seem，go，prove，turn，stay，become，fall，get，grow，keep＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构。如： The steel feels cold.钢摸起来很凉。 His plan proved(to be)practical. 他的计划被证明是可行的。 It has gone bad.它变质了。 2．表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。如： Wor