unit5fallacy魏蕊萍预案.ppt

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Fallacy Presenter:魏蕊萍 Group members:田亭亭 雷唯佳 张学 程燕 李嫚 Outline A B C Definition of Fallacy Introduction of Logic Fallacy The Classification and Common Example of logical Fallacy Part1 Definition of Fallacy A fallacy is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning for the construction of an argument. A fallacious argument may be deceptive by appearing to be better than it really is. Some fallacies are committed intentionally to manipulate or persuade by deception, while others are committed unintentionally due to carelessness or ignorance. Fallacies are commonly divided into “formal” and “informal”. A formal fallacy(形式谬误) can be expressed neatly in a standard system of logic, such as propositional logic(命题逻辑), while an informal fallacy(非形式谬误) originates in an error in reasoning other than an improper logical form. Arguments containing informal fallacies may be formally valid, but still fallacious. The affluent give relatively more to charity than the poor. Fallacies Arguments, like men, are often pretenders. —Plato What is the logic fallacy ? Outline A B C Definition of Fallacy Introduction of Logic Fallacy The Classification and Common Example of logical Fallacy Part 2 Introduction of logical Fallacy In philosophy, a logical fallacy (also called formal fallacy) is a pattern of reasoning rendered invalid by a flaw in its logical structure that can neatly be expressed in a standard logic system, for example propositional logic. An argument that is formally fallacious is always considered wrong. A formal fallacy is contrasted with an informal fallacy, which may have a valid logical form and yet be unsound because one or more premises are false. The presence of a formal fallacy in a deductive argument(演绎论证)does not imply anything about the arguments premises or its conclusion. Both may actually be true, or even more probable as a result of the argument, but the deductive argumen

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