马克思恩格斯现化起源思想.docVIP

马克思恩格斯对英国现代化起源的科学论证 杜 艳 华 （复旦大学社会科学基础部，上海 200433） 内容摘要：马克思恩格斯运用历史唯物主义的科学方法，论证了英国最先发生现代化的原因和条件，马克思恩格斯对这一问题进行论证的逻辑和思想可以从两个方面来把握：一是比较的逻辑。与法国、德国相比，英国有两大突出优势：它首先发生了社会革命；它在一定时期同时具备了走向现代化的多种必备条件，从而形成了多因素凑合的景象。二是历史发展的逻辑。英国资本主义化的过程也就是其现代化的过程，资产阶级产生和资本主义制度确立的诸多条件与现代化的条件是重合的和一致的。马克思恩格斯通过分析英国资本主义产生形成的历史过程及其种种条件，如市民社会形成、宗教改革和新教原则的确立、对外殖民扩张、启蒙运动、科学革命、工业革命等，从而全面、科学地揭示了英国现代化的起源问题。 关键词：马克思恩格斯；英国；现代化起源；科学论证 Marx and Engels’ Scientific Demonstration of the Genesis of Britain’s Modernization Du yanhua （Basic Social Science Department of FuDan University Shanghai 200433 ） Abstract: With the scientific methods of historical materialism, Marx and Engels demonstrated the causes and conditions of the fact that the modernization process was first seen in Britain. There may be two ways to comprehend how Marx and Engels addressed this issue successfully --- one is the way of comparative logic, and the other is that of the logic of historical development. According to Marx and Engels, Britain, unlike France and Germany, was in a more advantageous position at the time. It is the place where the social revolution preceded other countries. Besides, the various prerequisites essential for the modernization process became well developed, which in turn, helped to lead to the working upon each other of all those factors in favor of the rise of modernization. As regards the second way, Marx and Engels hold that Britain’s turning into a capitalist society is also, in another sense, its modernization process, and that the conditions for the birth of the bourgeoisie and the establishment of the capitalist institutions echoed the conditions for modernization. Having analyzed the historical process and the conditions of the emergence of capitalism in Britain such as the formation of the civil society, the Religion Reform, the establ